The purpose of this adapter is simplifying connection of AVR microcontrollers in different packages to any serial (SPI) programmer (cheap USBASP is mostly used) with standard 10-pin cable.
DIP chips can be just connected to sockets and surface packages can be soldered as well as just pressed to PCB while being programmed.
Watch video (turn on subtitles if needed): https://youtu.be/8OfMGkO-QAI